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英语思维
英语
【编者按】今天讲的是有关于篮球、运动及大脑的内容。
How are humans able to correctly predict the strength needed and accurate trajectory of objects such as shooting a basketball or throwing a baseball?【译】人类如何才能正确地预测所需的力量和物体的精确轨迹，例如篮球投篮或者投掷棒球的时候？【短语】such as 比如，例如；例句：I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom. 我认识他们当中的很多人，例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。【单词】correctly [kuh-rekt][kərektli] adv. 正确地；恰当地【单词】predict [pri-dikt][prɪdɪkt] v. 预言；预报；预知；预测【单词】strength [strengkth, strength, strenth][streŋθ] n. 力气；强度；力量【单词】accurate [ak-yer-it][ækjərət] adj. 准确的；精确的【单词】trajectory [truh-jek-tuh-ree][trədʒektəri] n. 轨道；弹道；轨迹【单词】objects 原型：object [ob-jikt, -jekt][ɒbdʒɪkt] n. 物体；目标；对象【单词】shooting 原型：shoot [shoot][ʃuːt] v. 这里指篮球运动中的投篮【单词】basketball [bas-kit-bawl, bah-skit-][bɑːskɪtbɔːl] n. 篮球【单词】throwing 原型：throw [throh][θrəʊ] v. 扔；投；掷；抛【单词】baseball [beys-bawl][beɪsbɔːl] n. 棒球，垒球
I studied this stuff in university.【译】我在大学里学过这个东西。【单词】stuff [stuhf][stʌf] n. 东西；原料；材料
We do not make the sort of calculations that you would do in a science class.【译】我们不会像你在科学课上那样做计算。【单词】calculations 原型：calculation [kal-kyuh-ley-shuh n][ˌkælkjuleɪʃn] n. 计算；估计；深思熟虑【单词】science [sahy-uhns][saɪəns] n. 科学；学科；理科；自然科学
Instead, we use a variety of clever shortcuts, including so-called "muscle memory" and also including perceptual tricks like "if the ball moves against the visual background in this way, then its going to travel in that trajectory."【译】相反，我们使用了各种巧妙的捷径，包括所谓的肌肉记忆，也包括感知技巧，比如如果球以这种方式在视觉背景下移动，那么它将沿着该轨迹运动【短语】a variety of ... 各种各样的…，种种；例句：The department store carries a variety of leather shoes. 这家百货商店经销各种皮鞋。【用法】instead 单独在句首或句尾表示相反的是，代之的是；例：Instead, a dog has to pant to keep cool. 狗只能通过喘气来保持凉快。【单词】variety [vuh-rahy-i-tee][vəraɪəti] n. 多样；种类；多样化【单词】clever [klev-er][klevə] adj. 聪明的；灵巧的【单词】shortcuts 原型：shortcut [shawrt-kuht][ʃɔːtkʌt] n. 捷径；近路；快捷键【单词】so-called [soh-kawld][səʊ kɔːld] adj. <贬>号称的；所谓的【单词】muscle [muhs-uhl][mʌsl] n. 肌肉【单词】memory [mem-uh-ree][meməri] n. 记忆力；回忆；记忆【单词】perceptual [per-sep-choo-uhl][pəseptʃuəl] adj. 感性的；知觉的【单词】tricks 原型：trick [trik][trɪk] n. 诡计；花招；把戏；诀窍【单词】visual [vizh-oo-uhl][vɪʒuəl] adj. 视觉的；视力的；看的见的；形象的【单词】background [bak-ground][bækɡraʊnd] n. 背景；经历；幕后；后景【单词】travel [trav-uhl][trævl] v. 移动，快速移动
Muscle memory, and practice.【译】肌肉记忆和练习。
Source: Im really good at calculations, but play basketball once every 2 years and can only make 1 in 10 shots from 3-point range, on average.【译】资料来源：我真的很擅长计算，但是每两年打一次篮球，因此在三分线范围内投篮平均只能投中十分之一。【单词】shots 原型：shot [shot][ʃɒt] n. 投篮【单词】average [av-er-ij, av-rij][ævərɪdʒ] n. 平均数；平均水平 adj. 平均的；一般的；通常的
Humans are really good at pattern recognition.【译】人类非常擅长模式识别。【单词】pattern [pat-ern][pætn] n. 模式；图案；典范；式样【单词】recognition [rek-uhg-nish-uhn][ˌrekəɡnɪʃn] n. 承认；认出；识别
Even if we have never tried to shoot a basket before, chances are weve at least handled something of similar weight and profile.【译】即使我们以前从未尝试过投篮，但我们至少弄过类似重量和外形的东西。【短语】at least 至少；例句：At least, I asked him not to. 至少，我告诉过他不要这样做。【词法】even if是即使，纵然的意思，为连词，用于引导让步状语从句。如：Even if it rains tomorrow, we wont change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。【单词】basket [bas-kit, bah-skit][bɑːskɪt] n. 篮；筐【单词】handled 原型：handle [han-dl][hændl] v. 处理；对待；操作；触；买卖【单词】weight [weyt][weɪt] n. 重量【单词】profile [proh-fahyl][prəʊfaɪl] n. 侧面；轮廓；形象；简介
Gravity itself acts consistently and predictably, so even if the object in question is different, we can get an approximation of how much force we might need, and how to aim it.【译】引力本身的作用是一致的和可预测的，所以即使所讨论的物体是不同的，我们也可以想到我们大约需要用多大的力气，以及如何瞄准（篮筐）。【单词】Gravity 原型：gravity [grav-i-tee][ɡrævəti] n. 重力【单词】consistently [kuhn-sis-tuhnt-lee][kənsɪstəntlɪ] adv. 一致地；始终如一地【单词】predictably [pri-dik-tuh-buhl][prɪˌdɪktəbli] adv. 可预言地；不出所料地【单词】approximation [uh-prok-suh-mey-shuhn][əˌprɒksɪmeɪʃn] n. 接近；近似；近似值【单词】aim [eym][eɪm] vt. 瞄准；针对 vi. 瞄准；旨在；致力
Of course, that may not be entirely accurate, as Im sure youve experienced trying to lifting something that was way heavier or lighter than you expected.【译】当然，可能投得不太准，因为我相信你有过尝试举起比你预期的更重或更轻的东西的经历。【短语】of course 当然【语法】lighter than 形容词或副词比较级 + than，是比...更...的意思；例句：He is younger than me. 他比我（更）年轻。He runs faster than me. 他比我跑得（更）快。【单词】entirely [en-tahyuhr-lee][ɪntaɪəli] adv. 完全地；全部地【单词】lifting 原型：lift [lift][lɪft] vt. 举起，提升【单词】heavier 原型：heavy 形容词比较级 [hev-ee][hevi] adj. 大(量)的；重的；沉重的；猛烈的
It could also just be luck.【译】也可能只是运气。【单词】luck [luhk][lʌk] n. 运气；幸运；侥幸
Ive seen plenty of people take their very first whatever in things and fail catastrophically as well.【译】我见过很多人在任何事情上都会一事无成，也会遭遇灾难性的失败。【单词】plenty [plen-tee][plenti] n. 丰富；大量；充足【单词】fail [feyl][feɪl] vi. 失败；没做成某事；表现欠佳【单词】catastrophically [kat-uh-strof-ik][ˌkætəstrɒfɪk] adj. 灾难的；灾难性的
It doesnt do any calculation and yes all has to do with muscle memory.【译】没有任何计算，是的，都与肌肉记忆有关。【单词】calculation [kal-kyuh-ley-shuh n][ˌkælkjuleɪʃn] n. 计算；估计；深思熟虑
Practice practice practice, doing a task over and over and over again is what makes your brain good at doing it and knowing when it needs a little extra or a little less.【译】练习-练习-练习，一次又一次地做一个任务是让你的大脑擅长做它，并知道什么时候它需要多一点或少一点（力气或角度）。【短语】take over 表示接管；接收。如：I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。【单词】task [task, tahsk][tɑːsk] n. 任务；工作【单词】brain [breyn][breɪn] n. 脑；大脑【单词】extra [ek-struh][ekstrə] adj. 额外的；adv. 特别地
Its all about practice and repetition.【译】都是练习和重复。【单词】repetition [rep-i-tish-uh n][ˌrepətɪʃn] n. 重复；反复
About landing shot on first try, yes, many people get lucky, many people also miss on their first try.【译】关于第一次试投篮，是的，很多人运气好，很多人也第一次没投进。【单词】landing [lan-ding][lændɪŋ] 动词land的现在分词，这里指投篮【单词】shot 原型：shoot [shoot][ʃuːt] v. 投篮【单词】lucky [luhk-ee][lʌki] adj. 幸运的；带来好运的
Thats just your brain making a guess based on other things its done.【译】那只是你的大脑根据它所做的其他事情来猜测。【单词】guess [ges][ɡes] n. 猜测；猜想【单词】based on 基于……